Rachel Russell, Duchess of Devonshire (1674-1725)
Michael Dahl (Stockholm 1659 - London 1743)
Category
Art / Oil paintings
Date
c. 1695 - c. 1699
Materials
Oil on canvas
Measurements
2366 x 1475 mm
Place of origin
England
Order this imageCollection
Petworth House and Park, West Sussex
NT 486212
Caption
Rachel Russell, Duchess of Devonshire was the eldest daughter of William Russell, Lord Russell (1639-83) and Lady Rachel Wriothesley (c.1636-1723), and was a cousin of Petworth’s owner, Lady Elizabeth Percy, Duchess of Somerset (1667-1722). In her childhood, her father was executed for his role in the Rye House plot to assassinate King Charles II and his brother and heir James, Duke of York. She married the politician and art collector William Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Devonshire (1672–1729) in 1688 and the couple had at least 12 children. Rachel, under her title at the time of Marchioness of Hartington, was made a Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Anne in 1702.
Summary
Oil painting on canvas, Rachel Russell, Duchess of Devonshire (1674 – 1725) by Michael Dahl (Stockholm 1656/9 – London 1743), circa 1696. A three-quarter-length portrait of a young woman, standing, full front, her face three-quarters left and wearing an old-gold dress with a blue mantle. Her left arm is on a parapet against a dark background, with a deep green curtain at right. Michael Dahl (c.1659-1743) was born in Stockholm; he was in England in 1682, Paris 1684 and Italy in 1686-1689. He settled in London in 1689 and died there in 1743. He was first employed by the 6th Duke of Somerset (1662-1748) in 1696, superseding Closterman in what amounted to the position of official court painter to the Duke. Rachel Russell, Duchess of Devonshire (1674-1725) was the daughter of William, Lord Russell the Patriot; she married secondly, William Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Devonshire.
Full description
The Petworth Beauties This picture is one of the Petworth Beauties, a series of eight female portraits which decorate the Beauty Room at Petworth House. Seven were painted, c.1695-99, by the Swedish artist Michael Dahl (1659-1743), and one by Sir Godfrey Kneller (1646-1723), dated 1705. Acquired by Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset (the ‘Proud Duke’, 1662-1748), and Lady Elizabeth Percy (1667-1722), for the Dining Room of their newly refurbished house, the Petworth Beauties were originally set into panelling, between mirrors, and surmounted by paintings of cupids by Symon Stone (active 1646-71) after Polidoro da Caravaggio. The engraver George Vertue (1684-1756), who visited Petworth House in the 1730s, described the portraits in his notebooks as ‘beauties. these are very well & deserve the characters of the best works of Mr. Dahl.’ On another occasion, he wrote: ‘At Petworth are several whole length pictures of Ladyes, beautyes, painted several years ago for the Duke of Somersett, that shew the great skill of Mr. Dahl in Art, beauty, of grace, genteel artfull draperies finely painted & well dispos’d.’ Six of the eight portraits (not the two overdoors) were originally full-length, but they were shortened by George Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont (1751-1837) in the 1820s to make room for a series of paintings and sculpture relating to the Napoleonic wars. The 3rd Earl is quoted as saying: ‘I will cut off their legs, I do not want their petticoats; their heads shall be placed in three small panels above and the battles [Vittoria and Waterloo by George Jones] with the marble bust of the Duke [of Wellington] shall be placed below them.’ This involved cutting off the bottoms of the portraits, which sections, rather than being disposed of, were attached to the lining, and folded up behind the portraits. Two portraits (Lady Mary Somerset, Duchess of Ormonde [NT486210] and Rachel Russell, Duchess of Devonshire [NT486212]) were restored to full-length by the National Trust in 2019 with support from Philip Mould & Company for Tate Britain’s exhibition British Baroque: Power and Illusion (2020). The Petworth Beauties are comparable to the series of Beauties at Hampton Court Palace by Sir Godfrey Kneller, commissioned in 1690-1 by Queen Mary II (1662-94). Tabitha Barber has suggested that the Petworth Beauties may have sought to represent the ‘personal “court”’ of the Duke and Duchess of Somerset, in response to the Hampton Court Beauties, which represented the ladies of Queen Mary’s court. The political and court roles of the women and their husbands may have been a factor in their selection, as well as family bonds with the Somersets. The Petworth Beauties have occasionally been believed, mistakenly, to represent the ladies of the court of Queen Anne.
Provenance
Painted for the 6th Duke of Somerset (1662-1748) in the late 1690s thence by descent, until the death in 1952 of the 3rd Lord Leconfield, who had given Petworth to the National Trust in 1947, and whose nephew and heir, John Wyndham, 6th Lord Leconfield and 1st Lord Egremont (1920-72) arranged for the acceptance of the major portion of the collections at Petworth in lieu of death duties (the first ever such arrangement) in 1956 by H.M.Treasury.
Credit line
Petworth House, The Egremont Collection (acquired in lieu of tax by HM Treasury in 1956 and subsequently transferred to the National Trust)
Makers and roles
Michael Dahl (Stockholm 1659 - London 1743), artist
Exhibition history
British Baroque: Power and Illusion, Tate Britain, London, 2020
References
Solkin 2015 David H. Solkin, Art in Britain 1660 - 1815, Pelican History of Art, Yale University Press, 2015, p. 46, fig. 45 Walpole Society (Great Britain) twentieth volume of the Walpole Society, 1931-1932 : 1932., p. 81 Walpole Society (Great Britain) twenty-second volume of the Walpole Society, 1933-1934 : 1934., p. 43 Jones 1849: George Jones, Sir Francis Chantrey, RA: Recollections of his Life, Practice and Opinions, London 1849, pp. 121-22 Barber 2020: Tabitha Barber, "The Petworth Beauties", Art and the Country House https://doi.org/10.17658/ACH/PTE530, Accessed 30/03/2022 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Accessed 11/03/2022 Sainty and Bucholz 1660-1837: John Sainty and Robert Bucholz, Database of Court Officers 1660–1837, Lord Chamberlain’s Office, courtofficers.ctsdh.luc.edu, Accessed 11/03/2022