Scabbard
Category
Arms and armour
Date
1796
Materials
Leather and silver
Measurements
955 mm (L)
Place of origin
Mysuru (Mysore)
Order this imageCollection
Powis Castle and Garden, Powys
NT 1180608.2
Summary
Scabbard, made in 1796 in Srirangapatna, Mysuru (formerly known as Seringapatam, Mysore). Covered in red stamped leather with a cast and stamped silver button. The motif of a tiger-stripe is present on both leather and button. The leather with repeating sequence of a tiger-stripe, the Persian letter H for Haydar, and a quatrefoil; the button with a tiger-stripe enclosing the name Haydar.
Full description
According to inscriptions on this scabbard and the blade of the associated sword (NT 1180608.1), it was manufactured at in Srirangapatna, Mysuru (formerly known as Seringapatam, Mysore). This was the site of the palace and court of Tipu Sultan (1750-99), who reigned from 1782-99. Tipu was a powerful ruler whose reign was characterised by military conflict and reform. During his 17-year reign, Tipu introduced direct revenue collection, changes to land ownership, investment in agriculture and industrialisation, and social reforms. He also supported the establishment of factories and trading companies beyond Mysuru and the immigration of skilled foreign workers in order to develop local capability to produce modern firearms [Satyanarayana, p. 2245-7]. Tipu associated himself with a tiger motif, a powerful emblem in pre-colonial India. Many items associated with Tipu bear representations of tigers and tiger stripes, including arms, coins, book bindings, and eight tiger-head finials from his throne [Brittlebank, p. 258-9]. One finial was acquired by Edward and Henrietta Clive after the sack of Srirangapatna in 1799 [NT 1180713]. Research Note on Provenance Tipu Sultan spent much of his reign engaged in the defence of Mysuru against encroachment by the British East India Company. In 1798, a renewed British campaign provoked the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War. On 4th May 1799, during the Siege of Srirangapatna, Tipu was killed. In the immediate aftermath, the British army looted the town. According to Colonel Arthur Wellesley, later the Duke of Wellington, ‘Scarcely a house in the town was left unplundered, and I understand that in camp jewels of the greatest value, bars of gold etc etc have been offered for sale in the bazaars of the army by our soldiers, sepoys and followers. I came in to take command of the army on the morning of the 5th and with the greatest exertion, by hanging, flogging etc etc in the course of that day I restored order…’ [Dalrymple, p. 351]. The resumption of control by the higher ranks of the army enabled the work of the prize committee to begin. Prize committees were responsible for ‘collecting, inventorying and disposing of booty seized from the enemy and for … seeking to establish combatants’ entitlement to prize' [Finn, p.17]. They were intended to prevent the kind of undisciplined plunder which Wellesley reported in the aftermath of Tipu’s defeat at Srirangapatna. More than 1,000 commissioned officers took their allotted share in the captured property, which they kept, exchanged or sold to others. High value, or high-profile items, were excluded from the prize committee’s remit, and given to senior civil and military personnel, as well as the British royal family. Not all articles were genuine: tenuous or spurious attributions to Tipu Sultan have been identified in objects which were brought to Britain. Recent work on a sword at the Wallace Collection [OA1402] has shown that an inscription on the blade suggesting personal ownership by Tipu was added after his death in 1799.
Provenance
Accepted by HM Treasury on 21st March, 1963 in lieu of tax and conveyed to National Trust ownership on 29th November 1963.
Marks and inscriptions
On scabbard: Cartouche reserved on one side towards the opening bearing the inscription: Sarkār-i khodādād Meaning: commission of the khodādād which seems to refer to Tipu or possibly, to the government. (Transcription and translation from Treasures from India, p. 47) On cast silver button: Stamped with a tiger-stripe enclosing the name Haidar.
References
2019 Dalrymple: W Dalrymple, The Anarchy: The Relentless Rise of the East India Company, Bloomsbury 2019 2018 Finn: Margot Finn, ‘Material Turns in British History I: Loot’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Vol. 28, December 2018 2004 Satyanarayana: A Satyanarayana ‘Review: The Mysore Sultans. State and Diplomacy under Tipu Sultan: Documents and Essays by Irfan Habib’ Economic and Political Weekly 39 24 (2004) 1995 Brittlebank: K Brittlebank, ‘Sakti and Barakat: The Power of Tipu’s Tiger. An Examination of the Tiger Emblem of Tipu Sultan of Mysore’, Modern Asian Studies 29 2 (1995) Archer, Rowell and Skelton 1987 Mildred Archer, Christopher Rowell, and Robert Skelton, Treasures from India: The Clive Collection at Powis Castle, London, 1987