Bust of a Roman woman, probably an empress
workshop of John Besnier (fl.1681)
Category
Art / Sculpture
Date
c. 1670 - 1672
Materials
Lead, Sandstone
Place of origin
London
Order this imageCollection
Ham House, Surrey
NT 1140352
Summary
A lead portrait bust of a Roman empress, wearing a dress over which is a cloak. One of thirty-eight lead busts made for the garden walls of Ham House in 1671-72, perhaps in the workshop of John Besnier, thirty-six of which survive in niches on the walls and on the north façade of the house.
Full description
A lead portrait bust of a Roman empress, wearing a dress, over which is a cloak. Her hair is parted at the middle and carefully arranged in waves on each side of the head. Her head is tilted slightly to the right and she looks to her right. Mounted on a plinth, and placed on a sandstone console carved with strapwork and below this a flower emerging from leaves. The distinctive hairstyle of the woman, with wavy hair parted in the middle and drawn back into a coil or bun, is a type seen in female portraiture from the Antonine period (138-192 A.D.). She may therefore be intended to represent an empress such as Faustina the Younger (c. 130 AD-175/76), as does another bust at Ham House (NT 1140350). There are some similarities with a bust in the Gallerie degli Uffizi, which seems to be a seventeenth-century interpretation of a Roman model (Guido Mansuelli, Galleria degli Uffizi. Le Statue, Vol. 2, Rome 1961, no. 188). One of thirty-six lead busts displayed in oval niches in the garden walls and on the north façade of Ham House, probably installed in 1671-72, and recorded in the 1679 inventory of Ham House. The entire series was probably arranged in its present positions along the garden walls and on the north front of Ham House by the 6th Earl of Dysart as part of improvements undertaken between 1798 and 1803. Although the majority of the busts are portraits of male subjects, these are complemented by a series of female busts, almost all of which are displayed on the north front of Ham House. Some may depict Roman Empresses, although the features in most cases are not distinctive enough to allow identification. The long series of lead busts may well, like other sculpture at Ham House, have been made in the workshops of the Besnier family, perhaps by John Besnier, who received a commission for lead statuary from the Duke of Ormonde in 1681. They were originally painted so that they would appear, at least from a distance, to be made of marble. For a fuller discussion of the garden wall busts and their history and attribution, see NT 1140335. Jeremy WarrenJanuary 2022
Provenance
Probably made and installed in 1671-72, to the commission of John Maitland and Elizabeth Murray, 1st Duke and Duchess of Lauderdale. Thence by descent,until acquired in 1948 by HM Government when Sir Lyonel, 4th Bt (1854 – 1952) and Sir Cecil Tollemache, 5th Bt (1886 – 1969) presented Ham House to the National Trust. Entrusted to the care of the Victoria & Albert Museum until 1990, when returned to the care of the National Trust, to which ownership was transferred in 2002.
Makers and roles
workshop of John Besnier (fl.1681), sculptor
References
Avery 2013: Charles Avery, ‘Seventeenth-century Sculpture at Ham House’ in Christopher Rowell, ed., Ham House. 400 Years of History, New Haven/London 2013, pp. 158-77., pp.172-76.